As a manager Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

As a manager - Research Paper Example Decisions are arrived at after an objective scrutiny of the underlying facts and ideas. The ENTJ personality style does not allow for subjective judgment, or relying on previous experiences. It enhances the quality of the decision-making process. The ENTJ personality style is not independent of other personality styles. The style ought to recognize that some decisions rely on existing trends. It does not allow for flexible decisions that are adjustable to the dynamic working environment. The decision-making process should incorporate a sufficient balance between both objective and subjective judgment. The personality type is strict on guidelines and set rules. It is best applied in careers that do not allow personal feelings and emotions to take part in the decision-making process. Such careers include; Law, Real Estate, and Engineering. The three careers do not provide any grounds for subjectivity; that is, decision-making is based on the laid-down facts (Tieger, & Tieger, 2009). The MBTI test is a sufficient performance measure that analyzes different employee attributes. I would use the test to enhance job deployments. The test would ensure that employees are stationed in departments that suit them. Long-term goals for this test would be to increase job satisfaction within the entire workforce; hence increasing

Face Recognition Technology Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Face Recognition Technology - Research Paper Example Availability of ‘biometrics’ technology provides controls for verifying true identity of an individual. These controls are automated processes that recognize physiological characteristics such as fingerprints, face, eyes, DNA etc. of a living person which are not easy to forge as they are attributes of an individual gifted by nature. There are also automated processes that recognize individual behaviors such as handwriting style, key stroke patterns etc. (Lin, 2000) Physiological controls are more stable when compared with behavioral controls. The main reason is that the features of physiological controls are non-alterable unless some serious injury is inflicted on a living being. On the other hand the patterns of behavior controls fluctuate with the mood and activities of an individual. In real-life, it is found that verification of physiological attributes is although very accurate, yet it is far more intrusive than the behavior attributes (Lin, 2000) One of the few biometrics controls that have the merits of both low intrusiveness and high accuracy is the Face Recognition technology. Researches in the field of image processing, security and psychology were attracted towards the concepts of computer vision which led to the designing of face recognition technology. (Lin, 2000) The real-world image has only size in inches or centimeters. The capturing device such as camera or scanners uses digitization process through which it stores the number of pixels that contains in an image. It is called Resolution which is of two types; Spatial Resolution and Colour Resolution (JISC Digital Media, 2006) The capturing device in Spatial Resolution is concerned with the frequency at which samples are taken from the real-world object or art-work. Frequency is mostly expressed as samples per inch (spi) when scanning and pixels per inch (ppi) when processing the digital image. The resolution to use for capturing an image is dependent mostly on its ‘end-use’.

Effect of Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs)

Effect of Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs) Lynnette Chan Do Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs) Negatively Affect Memory? Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) are the most common antidepressants prescribed to treat moderate to severe depression. SSRIs increase serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT) levels in the brain by blocking serotonin reuptake. Compared to other antidepressants such as tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs), SSRIs are more selective and have fewer side effects. In addition to affecting emotional moods, SSRIs can also affect food and sex related behaviors, resulting in side effects such as weight gain and reduced sexual drive (Mayo Clinic). However, recent studies indicate that serotonin also plays a â€Å"significant role in learning and memory† (Buhot, Martin, Segu 210). Given serotonin’s lack of specialized function, can SSRIs negatively affect memory function as a side effect? To answer this question, this paper will establish the association between SSRIs and serotonin levels, and then examine the relationship between SSRI use and impaired or improved memory. Since depression has been linked to a shortage of serotonin neurotransmissions, antidepressants should increase 5-HT levels. But in a comprehensive review on the serotonergic and noradrenergic systems of the hippocampus, R. Mongeau, P. Blier, and C. de Montigny found that successful SSRI treatments show both an increase and decrease of 5-HT neurotransmissions (178). This finding is unusual because SSRIs inhibit 5-HT reuptake to increase 5-HT levels and should not result in decreased 5-HT neurotransmissions. As decreased 5-HT levels do appear in successful treatments utilizing SSRIs, there must be additional factors involved in mood elevation within the serotonergic system. Regardless of the exact mechanism that allow SSRIs to treat depressive symptoms, SSRIs do increase and decrease 5-HT neurotransmissions in the brain. While the exact mechanism of how 5-HT levels affect mood remains unclear, SSRI use and changes in 5-HT levels have been linked to memory impairment. In a study investigating the role of serotonin in memory impairment, Marie-Christine Buhot, Stephanie Martin, and Louis Segu found that serotonergic activity in the brain affects memory and learning differently depending on the stimulation or inhibition of different 5-HT receptor subtypes. This study found that stimulation of the 5-HT2A/2C or 5-HT4 receptor subtypes, or inhibition of the 5-HT1A or 5-HT3 or 5-HT1B receptor subtypes improved memory and learning in high-cognitive activities (210). 5-HT receptor subtypes are differentiated by their relative distributions in the brain and their cellular locations, differentiations that explain the various effects of 5-HT receptor subtypes. For example, the 5-HT1A receptor subtype is largely concentrated in the hippocampus and interacts with the noradrenergic, dopaminergic, and GABAergic syste ms (Buhot, Martin, Segu 214). As a result, stimulating 5-HT1A receptors impairs memory. The Buhot study confirms that serotonin affects memory function and is dependent on the stimulation or inhibition of different 5-HT receptor types or subtypes. The Buhot study examined the neurotransmitter mechanisms of serotonin and memory, but it did not examine the effect of specific SSRI antidepressants on memory. In a study on the effect of short-term use of SSRIs on cognitive brain function, Jeroen A. J. Schmitt, Monique J. Kruzinga, and Wim J. Riedel found that the positive and negative effects SSRIs have on memory is caused by interactions with external neurotransmitter systems. The study conducted tests with sertraline and paroxetine, the two â€Å"most potent inhibitors of serotonin reuptake† available at the time of the study (Schmitt, Kruzinga, Riedel 173). They found that paroxetine contributed to long-term memory impairment, an effect attributed to paroxetine’s additional anticholinergic properties. On the other hand, sertraline only slightly improved verbal fluency, an effect attributed to sertraline’s additional dopaminergic effects. Although this study agrees with the Buhot study that additional neurot ransmitter interactions in serotonergic pathways contribute or prevent memory impairment, the Buhot study attributes memory functions to serotonin while the Schmitt study does not. Both the Buhot and Schmitt studies argue that SSRIs influence memory, but the two studies disagree on the mechanism that causes memory improvement and impairment. In a study examining the short-term use of the SSRI citalopram and the SNRI (serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor) reboxetine and their effect emotional memory and perception, Catherine J. Harmer, Nicholas C. Shelley, Philip J. Cowen, and Guy M. Goodwin found that both citalopram and reboxetine decreased the memory and perception of negative emotions in comparison to positive emotion. Additionally, citalopram use lowered startle responses to displays of negative emotion. Unlike the Buhot and Schmitt study, this study claims that SSRI’s side effect on emotional memory and perception is actually the mechanism that makes SSRIs effective antidepressants. Perhaps SSRIs help strengthen memories of positive emotions with increased 5-HT concentrations and weaken memories of negative emotions with decreased 5-HT concen trations at different 5-HT receptor subtypes to contribute to mood elevation and regulation. SSRIs have a recognized role in memory and learning. The Buhot study argues that memory can be strengthened or weakened depending on the inhibition or stimulation of different 5-HT receptor subtypes, characterized by location and neurotransmitter pathways. On the other hand, the Schmitt study argues that SSRIs effect on memory is not caused by 5-HT levels, but by the additional effects of other neurotransmitter systems. In contrast, the Harmer study argues that the strengthening and weakening of emotional memory and perception contributes to the antidepressant properties of SSRIs. In conclusion, SSRIs can both impair and improve memory, depending on the SSRI type and their interactions with 5-HT receptor subtypes and other neurotransmitter pathways. SSRIs have been confirmed to affect memory and cognitive function, but further research is required to determine the exact mechanism of how different SSRIs affect neurotransmitters and mood. Research can explore the degree of memory impairment caused by SSRIs, and examine the neurotransmitter systems that interact most with the serotonergic system to better define neurotransmitter function. Future research can also focus on developing new antidepressants by exploring the neurotransmission systems that interact with SSRIs. Hopefully, a more comprehensive understanding of the mechanisms of memory and the role of neurotransmitters can also provide better insight on neurodegenerative disorders that affect memory, such as Alzheimers disease. Works Cited Buhot, Marie-Christine, Stà ©phanie Martin, and Louis Segu. Role of Serotonin in Memory Impairment. Annals of Medicine 32.3 (2000): 210-21. Informa Healthcare. Web. 26 Feb. 2015. http://informahealthcare.com/doi/abs/10.3109/07853890008998828>. Harmer, Catherine J., Nicholas C. Shelley, Philip J. Cowen, and Guy M. Goodwin. Increased Positive Versus Negative Affective Perception and Memory in Healthy Volunteers Following Selective Serotonin and Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibition. American Journal of Psychiatry 161.7 (2004): 1256-263. American Journal of Psychiatry. Web. 26 Feb. 2015. http://ajp.psychiatryonline.org/doi/abs/10.1176/appi.ajp.161.7.1256>. Mayo Clinic. Depression (major Depressive Disorder). Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs). January 1, 2015. Accessed March 18, 2015. http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/depression/in-depth/ssris/art-20044825. Mongeau, R., P. Blier, and C. De Montigny. The Serotonergic and Noradrenergic Systems of the Hippocampus: Their Interactions and the Effects of Antidepressant Treatments. Brain Research Reviews 23.3 (1997): 145-95. Science Direct. Web. 26 Feb. 2015. http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0165017396000173>. Schmitt, Jeroen A. J., Monique J. Kruizinga, and Wim J. Riedel. Non-serotonergic Pharmacological Profiles and Associated Cognitive Effects of Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors. Journal of Psychopharmacology 15.3 (2001): 173-79. Sage Journals. Web. 26 Feb. 2015. http://jop.sagepub.com/content/15/3/173.short>.

Berlin Diaries Vs.Survival In Auschwitz :: essays research papers

Berlin Diaries vs. Survival in Auschwitz   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The two books Berlin Diaries by Marie Vassiltchikov and Survival in Auschwitz by Primo Levi both chronicle World War II from two different perspectives. They are both personal accounts from each author’s actual experiences. The two books have different formats, points, facts, and actualities. For example, Berlin Diaries is in actual diary format, and Survival in Auschwitz is in story format. I found that Berlin Diaries was harder to read because of the format, where Survival in Auschwitz was easier to follow. Also both stories were taken from two very different points of view. Marie Vassiltchikov was a Russian aristocrat that fled Russia and was seeking refuge in Germany. Primo Levi was an Italian Jew who was captured by the Nazis and taken to a concentration camp. Vassiltchikov was free, she lived a restricted life, but she still had her freedom. Levi was a prisoner; he lived a captive slave life and had no liberties or freedoms. This difference seems to b e the most consequential. They led such different lives. Levi was the absolute bane of the Nazi existence, as they were to him. In contrast, Vassiltchikov actually worked for the Nazis; granted to have the freedom that she did, that’s where she had to work. But still, Vassiltchikov had freedom, how much more different could one get from being a Jewish prisoner in a Nazi concentration camp, as Levi was. There are so many points to this major contrast that it almost encompasses the entire concept of comparing and contrasting he two.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  While there could not be anything more opposite than having freedom and being a prisoner, there were still other differences that had no regard to Vassiltchikov and Levi’s actual living conditions. Missy (Vassiltchikov) originally was fleeing the Russian army. They would have killed her for being an aristocrat. Primo’s danger was always from the Nazis. His Jewish â€Å"race† was his mark of death. As mentioned above, Missy was a Russian aristocrat; Primo was from the working class of Italy. Generally their demographic backgrounds could not get much different either. Religion was also a major and blinding difference. Also as mentioned above Primo was a Jew and Missy was Christian. This difference is what separated them further in Missy’s freedom and Primo’s captivity.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Another difference that played a huge role in each book was the actual placing of each story. Berlin Diaries Vs.Survival In Auschwitz :: essays research papers Berlin Diaries vs. Survival in Auschwitz   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The two books Berlin Diaries by Marie Vassiltchikov and Survival in Auschwitz by Primo Levi both chronicle World War II from two different perspectives. They are both personal accounts from each author’s actual experiences. The two books have different formats, points, facts, and actualities. For example, Berlin Diaries is in actual diary format, and Survival in Auschwitz is in story format. I found that Berlin Diaries was harder to read because of the format, where Survival in Auschwitz was easier to follow. Also both stories were taken from two very different points of view. Marie Vassiltchikov was a Russian aristocrat that fled Russia and was seeking refuge in Germany. Primo Levi was an Italian Jew who was captured by the Nazis and taken to a concentration camp. Vassiltchikov was free, she lived a restricted life, but she still had her freedom. Levi was a prisoner; he lived a captive slave life and had no liberties or freedoms. This difference seems to b e the most consequential. They led such different lives. Levi was the absolute bane of the Nazi existence, as they were to him. In contrast, Vassiltchikov actually worked for the Nazis; granted to have the freedom that she did, that’s where she had to work. But still, Vassiltchikov had freedom, how much more different could one get from being a Jewish prisoner in a Nazi concentration camp, as Levi was. There are so many points to this major contrast that it almost encompasses the entire concept of comparing and contrasting he two.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  While there could not be anything more opposite than having freedom and being a prisoner, there were still other differences that had no regard to Vassiltchikov and Levi’s actual living conditions. Missy (Vassiltchikov) originally was fleeing the Russian army. They would have killed her for being an aristocrat. Primo’s danger was always from the Nazis. His Jewish â€Å"race† was his mark of death. As mentioned above, Missy was a Russian aristocrat; Primo was from the working class of Italy. Generally their demographic backgrounds could not get much different either. Religion was also a major and blinding difference. Also as mentioned above Primo was a Jew and Missy was Christian. This difference is what separated them further in Missy’s freedom and Primo’s captivity.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Another difference that played a huge role in each book was the actual placing of each story.

My Finished Career Portfolio Essay

1. Introduction–state your industry and what value you anticipate the portfolio will be of to you. The industry that I am most interested in is the Business Administration industry. In interviews, my portfolio will show potential employers the proof of my skills, education, work experience, references, career goals, and works in progress. By providing a career portfolio and highlighting my positives, employers will take me more seriously and know that I take my career seriously. 2. Describe in a two-page paper what exact documents you have in your career portfolio. List them one-by-one. State how it looks to you and how effective you believe this will be. The documents I have in my career portfolio are: Statement of originality and confidentiality Work philosophy My career goals for the next five years My resume, cover letter and reference list with permission from each reference that I may use them for job hunting. I have tabbed sections for the skills that I want to promote such as management, training and communications. I have several letters of recommendation requested from professors and former employers I am working on skill sets lists of the critical skills I have that relate to the jobs I am looking for. This I think is going to be an on the job process when I get hired on by an employer. I have a list of projects and activities that I have in progress in my career portfolio as well. I have official transcripts from obtaining my GED and an unofficial transcript for Everest University to be replaced with the official transcript upon completion of my degree. 3. Have you utilized this as yet during an Interview? I have not had the experience of using my career portfolio in an interview as of yet. 4. Have you also assembled an electronic portfolio?  I have not assembled an electronic career portfolio as of yet. I plan on doing that as soon as I possibly can so that I can utilize that as well when looking for a job in my degree field.

Ophelias madness

Also, Aphelia cannot express herself the way the men around her can, reserving he r to a alone of emotions, which, in addition to being left stranded after the men in her life essentially disappear, bursts into her ultimate insanity. Every person with influence in Aphelion's life are men: Polonium, her father, Hamlet, her lover, and Alerter, her brother. These are the people who most o f the time dictate her decisions for her. In the first scene of the play involving Aphelia, h err lines are not many in number or lengthy by any means.This is because Polonium an d Alerter spend the bulk of the scene instructing her. Both men discourage her from try gusting Hamlet's love. Alerter says, â€Å"His greatness weighed, his will is not his own. For he himself is subject to his birth. † (1. 3. 1718) Alerter is saying that Hamlet cannot be devoted to her because his focus has to be on Denmark as the heir to the thro one. He also tells her to protect her virginity, which is a very author itative statement a ND possibly an uncomfortable command to receive from your brother.Polonium in the as me scene after Alerter leaves forbids Aphelia from seeing Hamlet again, telling her Ha melt may walk with a â€Å"larger tether†(125) than she, meaning her standards are stricter t Han his ND that she cannot partake in his lifestyle. It is now impossible for Aphelia to remain obedient to her father and be true to her love, Hamlet. In act 3, Aphelia prove s this by lying to Hamlet about her fathers whereabouts in a spy trap Claudia and POI onus set up with her. Hamlet recognizes he is under surveillance and ultimately tells O aphelia he is cutting her off.Aphelia loses her lover Hamlet because of the decision to b e obedient to Polonium, which ironically, is a similar obedience Hamlet has for his own fat her. Being a woman, Aphelia is held to a different standard than the men around err which doesn't allow her to express herself the way they can based on emotion n. Hamlet p lays insanity in a tactic to eventually get revenge, while Alerter storms the ca steel on motives to avenge his fathers death. Aphelia, however, must remain relatively passive.The rejection of her lover and murder of her father causes insurmountable fee lings of anger, stress, and frustration, and with no avenue for these feelings to escape , she must keep them boiling inside. Eventually, she starts taking these inner fruits actions and sorrows out on herself. Upon ACTA, both Hamlet and Aphelia are fatherless FRR ruder, but these similar circumstances do not call for similar reactions. It woo old be absurd for Aphelia to seek revenge as Hamlet has for the his father. This is La rater's role as he declares, â€Å"only I'll be revenged most thoroughly for my father. (4. 5. 135136). Being a man, avenging his father is expected, while Aphelion's expectations ARQ Eire her to remain static on the case even though her feelings for her father are just a s intense as her brother. At this po int with the return of Alerter, Aphelia has already boiled over into insanity. Being habituated to the non independent lifestyle subject to the com ands of he men around her, she is at a loss when that authority has essentially Addis appeared. Her father is dead, her brother is away at school, and Hamlet is being export d to England for killing Polonium.Hijacked of this independence, Aphelia inevitably is led to her own destruction with no turning back. Up to this point Aphelia was reserve deed, only speaking few lines, and mainly those lines were in response to a man. After being instructed to stay away from Hamlet in act 1, she simply responds to end the scene, â€Å"I shall obey, my lord . 4. 136). After her madness ensued, she almost seems lie berated from her reserves, and leads the stage. In Act 4, she is the focus of the stage I n scene 5. She sings without embarrassment, says what she is thinking and feels, and everyone listens to her. Unfortunately, though everyone is list ening, they are not under standing what she is expressing, only associating her songs and words with her madden Additionally, Aphelion's madness can be last traced, but not limited to, the dead h of her father. Most of her songs of madness refer to her father, like in act 4, s cone 5, † Sings. Larded with sweet flowers, which between to the grave did go with truelove meaning she has been crying over the death Of her father . In one Eng Aphelia refers to Hamlet saying, â€Å"Quota she, before you tumbled me, you promised me to wed. Meaning Hamlet promised to marry her if she came to bed with him, but the following few lines, â€Å"So would I ha' done, by yonder sun, an thou heads not come to my bed. â€Å"(4. 5. 6265) show Hamlets deceitful double standard where he says he would've married her if she wouldn't have come to his bed. Accustomed to the precept that she must be fully obedient to her father polo anus, Aphelia is torn when he commands her to stay away from her love r, Hamlet. This inner strife erodes her mind because she cannot express these conflicting emotion to anyone.Instead, because of the differences between an honorable lady and a upstanding man of this time period, Aphelia is expected to remain neutral on the events in her life, even after her father is murdered by Hamlet, whom she once loved . Being habituated to the men in her life commanding most of her decisions, Aphelia IS non path of ruin when these men essentially disappear (Polonium her father is dead d, Alerter her brother is overseas, and Hamlet is on his way to England). Accordingly, the e bottled feelings inside her having no reserve any longer, release out all at once, cause Eng her omelet fundamental change and obvious insanity.Had Aphelia disobeyed her father and given herself to her lover Hamlet, her fathers death may have never coco red, for Hamlet was driven into blinding anger when he was betrayed by her, losing the e last person he had to trust. Though a minor chara cter, Aphelion's impact is a pope rueful one. Her madness was inevitable and reflective of the situation women of her time were often in, being subject to the male dominance which prevailed. Equality amongst m en and women is important, for a double standard is an impossible one to operate WI thin whilst maintaining a healthy sanity.

Willam Bradford vs. John Smith essays

Willam Bradford vs. John Smith essays I will compare and contrast part of the lives of John Smith and William Bradford. These two men had great significance during the colonial period. I said part of their lives because Ive chosen to discuss my paper on the three things where I thought the most information in our literature book had been given. The experiences that the two men had with the Indians, their education or lack thereof, and their literary contributions. Lets begin with John Smiths experiences with the Indians. John Smiths first interaction with the Indians happened when they took him prisoner, tied him to a tree and prepared to shoot him. He saved his life by giving the Chief a compass and a globe like jewel. Plans had been made to kill John Smith in a more sophisticated ritual in which Pocahontas, luckily, had spared his life. After Powhatan saw his daughters respect for John Smith, they became friends. The Indians helped John Smith and the other colonist to survive and eventually set him free. Contrary to John Smiths experiences with the Indians, which had been bad initially and grew to a good relationship, William Bradford befriended the Indians from the beginning. Just like the survival tactics that John Smith and his colonist gained from the Indians, William Bradford and his colonist gained also. William Bradford and the Indians contributed to the First Thanksgiving, which we have learned about since Kindergarten. Speaking of learning, the education of William Bradford and John Smith had the fact that they had both been self-educated in common, but in two very different ways. William Bradford, entirely self educated principally through the study of the bible, whereas John Smith did go to grammar school until the age of 15 which to me still equals self-education. So as you can see neither one of these two men exactly has a PHD. That lack of knowledge did not prevent them from having great literary ...

Critical Synopsis Essays

Critical Synopsis Essays Critical Synopsis Essay Critical Synopsis Essay The author developed argument by first reviewing both the planned and emergent models Of organizational change ND then moves to discuss the deficiencies of contingency model of change However, more authors moved towards the concept of organizational change and expanded the number or steps to organizational change (Brunets 1996). These facts are integral part of approach to manage organizational change. Within the writing a standout amongst the most persuasive points of view inside what are known as arranged ways to change is that of Lenin who contended that change include a three stage process: firstly, unfreezing the current conduct; besides moving to the new conduct and, at long last, freezing the new conduct The three-stage model was received for a long time as the overwhelming system for understanding the procedure of hierarchical change (Atoned, 2005). Since its plan, the hypothesis has been audited and changed, with stages being partitioned to make more particular steps. In spite of its prominence, Burners circuited Linens unique hypothesis for being in view of little scale tests, and all the more critically the way that it is in view of the presumption that association act under consistent conditions that can be looked into and anticipated. As a result of such reactions a different option for arranged ways to deal with authoritative change was created that is known as the emergent methodology. An emergent methodology to organizational change sees change as so quick and arbitrary that it cannot be achieved from the top down. Rather, it is argued, change ought to be seen as a methodology of realizing the organization reacts to the interior and outer natural changes. Atoned (2005) proposes that this methodology is more centered on change preparation and encouraging for change than for giving reticular preplanned steps for every change undertaking and activity. While these points might be seen as common sense. A key assumption hidden rising speculations is that with a specific end goal to react to change, administrators must have an inside and out comprehension of the association, its structures, techniques, individuals and society. Understanding these will permit leaders to pick the most proper way to deal with change and recognize the components that may go about as facilitators or obstructions to he change. On my own reflection, the new approach itself is not free from argument that questions the convenience of the expansive nature activity successions, and their application to extraordinary hierarchical settings. A more situational or possibility methodology will be better. As these will change from association to association, leaders reactions and systems for change will likewise need to vary.

Society of United Irishmen

Society of United Irishmen The Society of United Irishmen was a radical nationalist group founded by Theobald Wolfe Tone in October 1791 in Belfast, Ireland. The groups original purpose was to achieve profound political reform in Ireland, which was under the domination of Britain. Tones position was that various religious factions of Irish society had to unite, and political rights for the Catholic majority would have to be secured. To that end, he sought to bring together elements of society which ranged from prosperous Protestants to impoverished Catholics. When the British sought to suppress the organization, it transformed into a secret society which essentially became an underground army. The United Irishmen hoped to gain French aid in liberating Ireland, and planned an open revolt against the British in 1798. The Rebellion of 1798 failed for a number of reasons, which included the arrest of United Irishmen leaders early in that year. With the rebellion crushed, the organization essentially dissolved. However, its actions and the writings of its leaders, particularly Tone, would inspire future generations of Irish nationalists. Origins of the United Irishmen The organization which would play such a large part in Ireland of the 1790s began modestly as the brainchild of Tone, a Dublin lawyer and political thinker. He had written pamphlets espousing his ideas for securing the rights of Irelands oppressed Catholics. Tone had been inspired by the American Revolution as well as the French Revolution. And he believed reform based on political and religious liberty would bring about reform in Ireland, which was suffering under a corrupt Protestant ruling class and a British government which supported the oppression of the Irish people. A series of law had long restricted the Catholic majority of Ireland. And Tone, though a Protestant himself, was sympathetic to the cause of Catholic emancipation. In August 1791 Tone published an influential pamphlet setting forth his ideas. And in October 1791 Tone, in Belfast, organized a meeting and the Society of United Irishmen was founded. A Dublin branch was organized a month later. Evolution of the United Irishmen Though the organization seemed to be little more than a debating society, the ideas coming out of its meetings and pamphlets began to seem quite dangerous to the British government. As the organization spread into the countryside, and both Protestants and Catholics joined, the United Men, as they were often known, appeared to be a serious threat. In 1794 the British authorities declared the organization illegal. Some members were charged with treason, and Tone fled to America, settling for a time in Philadelphia. He soon sailed to France, and from there the United Irishmen began seeking French help for an invasion which would liberate Ireland. The Rebellion of 1798 After an attempt to invade Ireland by the French failed in December 1796, due to bad sailing weather, a plan was eventually made to spark a rebellion across Ireland in May 1798. By the time for the uprising came, many leaders of the United Irishmen, including Lord Edward Fitzgerald, had been arrested. The rebellion was launched in late May 1798 and failed within weeks from lack of leadership, lack of proper weapons, and a general inability to coordinate attacks on the British. The rebel fighters were mostly routed or slaughtered. The French made several attempts to invade Ireland later in 1798, all of which failed. During one such action Tone was captured while aboard a French warship. He was tried for treason by the British, and took his own life while awaiting execution. Peace was eventually restored throughout Ireland. And the Society of United Irishmen, essentially ceased to exist. However, the legacy of the group would prove strong, and later generations of Irish nationalists would take inspiration from its ideas and actions.

Daniel Rutherford Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Daniel Rutherford - Essay Example Daniel Rutherford, from Holl, 1804 It was a natural academic progression to attend the University of Edinburgh where his father was a professor of medicine. Daniel would also graduate with a degree in medicine, but it was the experiments he conducted as a student that helped unlock the mysteries of combustion, life, and the composition of 'vital air' ("Daniel Rutherford"). At the time, it was known that a quantity of air that had been subjected to combustion would no longer support life. It was mistakenly believed that the only gas left was carbon dioxide (CO2), and it was considered noxious because of its in inability to support life. Rutherford, through a series of experiments, was able to extract the CO2 and found that it still would not combust or support life. Though he is credited for isolating nitrogen, a more accurate portrayal is that he discovered that air was a mixture of many gases and there was the existence of 'vital air', that would later be known as oxygen. In 1772, he published his thesis titled On A ir Said to be Fixed or Mephitic (Daintith 467). This enabled other scientists that were doing similar research to be moved down the path of discovery. Rutherford's thesis helped guide the current thinking and has been credited with spawning many of Joseph Priestley's later experiments.(Daintith 467).

Food Safety Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Food Safety Paper - Essay Example Food can easily get contaminated by a number of reasons. Some types include microbiological contamination which is unnoticeable and occurs swiftly if food is left open. Another type of contamination includes physical contamination which is noticeable to the naked eye but occurs due to inattentiveness towards food in particles form. The last type of contamination is chemical contamination which occurs through airborne chemical substances which settle into food and may be very harmful (D'Mello, 2003). In UK, during the last 15 years, there has been a substantial increase in incidents related to food safety. In 1980, incidents regarding food-borne illness were around 12,700 in UK which bolstered up to 100,000 in 1998. The Health Education Authority (HEA) conducted a research which portrayed that around three million children even under teenage make their own breakfast and that 65 percent of such children serve their parents with evening cooked meals. There were 57 percent of children wh o prepared food with pets around them, and 46 percent shared their food with their pets during preparation (Food and Drink Federation, 1996). This shows how food safety is left loose and can be harmful for both, children and their parents. The incidents of most concern to citizens of the United Kingdom involve many unknown factors. In 1986, the first incidence of bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) in British cattle was reported. It was not until 1996, however, that U.K. scientists identified a possible link between BSE, a new-variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD), and 14 deaths. This discovery resulted in the slaughter of all beef cattle over 30 months old and worldwide bans on sales of British beef. The sale of beef on the bone also was temporarily banned. Research into the long-term impact of BSE in cattle and it’s; relationship to CJD in humans is ongoing. The British government is investing heavily in research to learn more about the long-term impact on the populati on (Patnoad, 2001). Food safety involves a number of steps which need to be carried in order to ensure safe consumption. For this, the food must be well stored in clean and sanitized storage facilities, followed by proper preparation equipments and preservation facilities. In the United Kingdom, the sanitation process of food begins immediately after the food items are acquired from the market and is carried out effectively until the leftovers of the food are dealt with properly. These sanitation measures are not too complicated and can be easily practiced at home too. These measures are constructed with a series of processes that are followed in order to provide quality sanitized food from the commercial kitchens in UK to the customers, effectively. Firstly, it is made sure that food is prevented from getting contaminated through any types mentioned earlier. This is done by the decisive action of storing the food properly. Food items like sugar, flour, spices and cornmeal should be kept in airtight containers to barrier out bacteria present in the air. Also, items like vegetables and meat should be safely kept into airtight containers into a cold storage like freezer (Griffith, 1995). Commercial kitchens in the U.K have laid down basic kitchen sanitation guidelines which they follow which ultimately serves to be a vital element of food safety. They ensure that their preparation counters are properly sanitized and disinfected

Management Issues and Policies Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Management Issues and Policies - Case Study Example Globally, the firm is rated the ninth merchandising corporation. Additionally, Costco has been regarded the largest seller of fine wine entirely in the world, since October 2007. In the United States in particular, the main challengers operating membership stores are companies such as Sam's Club as well as BJ's Wholesale Club. Between the two competitors, Sam's Club actually has more warehouses than Costco as a matter of comparison. However, Costco does register superior overall sales volume (Costco Wholesale company profile 8). This informs Costco's ability to employ roughly 142,000 employees on full- and part-time basis, including even the seasonal workforce. Costco had about 55 million memberships by September 2009.[update] For financial year 2009, the Costco's sales summed to $71.42 billion of which $1.28 billion formed the firm's net profit. This huge profit margin particularly has been boosted by the American Customer Satisfaction Index (ACSI) which crowned Costco the best in retail store industry and further rated it with an achievement of 83 in Q4 in the year 2008. Financially, Costco is doing well. In fact, like all other merchandisers, Costco do make fundamental decisions. These decisions are two fold: first, they pay keen attention at the price at which it sells its products. Second, they also do consider the degree of service it provides to its consumers. With regard to these two key decisions, the firm usually involves relevant departments to establish workable policies. For instance, a department store might be needed to set the price of its merchandise at a relatively higher level and at the same time provide a great deal of service. On the other hand, a discount store might be tasked to price its merchandise at a relatively low level and duly provide limited service. Their commodities or products are also playing a great role to their huge sales volumes. This argument is actually informed by the type of discount they offer to their customers. Their discount stores for example do require a customer to purchase memberships which intern p ermits them to make their purchases in bulk and yet at a reduced wholesale prices hence affordable. According to Needles, B.E. et al (291) in their joint book Principles of Accounting, Costco's financial efficiency and effectiveness are also propelled by their purchases of merchandise in bulk from a number of suppliers. In addition, Costco do put their purchases on racks in its own warehouse-like stores and in turn vend the goods to customers at quite low prices, with negligible individual services. COSTCO'S FINANCIAL HIGHLIGHTS Operating Results (In million) Fiscal-Year Ended August 28, 2005 August 29, 2004 Change Net revenue $ 52,935 $ 48,107 10.0% Cost of sales 46,347 42,092 10.1 Gross margin $ 6,588 $ 6,015 9.5 Operating expenses 5,114 4,630 10.5 Operating income

Benefits of Going Green Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Benefits of Going Green - Essay Example At a global level, sustainable development has gained importance ever since the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change. Based on the UNFCC Article 3.4, sustainable development needs to be integrated with national development policies by considering the need for economic development to address climate change problems. In this convention, the focus has been more on reduction of greenhouse gas emission and their targets than on sustainable development. After this, much discussion has been done on the links between sustainable development and climate change and the inclusion of sustainable development concept in environmental policy. The sustainable development requirements approach to environmental policy started in developed nations first. Reports show that greenhouse gas emissions are going on rising with the ongoing economic reforms that aim at improving economic growth (Mc Kibbin, 2004). Based on economic theory, there are two main mitigation measures to reduce the greenhouse gas emission. One is a tradable permit system for emission rights and the other is taxing carbon emissions.... Studies have shown that the permit system for emission rights developing nations will result in a rise in costs in terms of sacrificing economic growth since most economic activities rely on energy here. The shift from cheap fossil fuels to expensive non-carbon energy will adversely affect economic growth and development (Prasad and Kochher, 2009). Recent estimates show that the cost for investment in reducing greenhouse gas emissions by 550 MtCO2 in the major energy emitting sectors cost S$25billion, which is equivalent to the amount needed for the development goals here(Prasad and Kochher,2009). The next possible option is carbon taxing. Taxing can be practically problematic since the taxes will be imposed on not only the emissions that are removed on the margin but on all emissions. Consequently, the income transfers from the firms to government will be very much larger than the costs of greenhouse gas emission abatements (McKibbin, 2004).Thus it can be shown that any form of abat ement measure will impose significant costs in terms of sacrificing economic growth and development in developing nations. This will not be a problem for developed nations, which have already achieved a high level of development in terms of all the indicators while in developing nations, where most people live below the poverty line, sacrificing development means a lot. Based on the different scandals that arose in the recent years like Enron scandal, it is argued that business ethics is essential which plays a major role in the functioning of companies (Broomhill, 2007).Studies show the beneficial effects of green policy depend on the expectations of stakeholders and the constraints placed by the restrictive legislations produced by the states(Broomhill,

Informal paper - Proposal Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Informal paper - Proposal - Essay Example For doing simple tasks like opening a door in the form of authorized entry to accomplishing complex organizational processes, IT and its tools are playing an optimal role. One of the key IT based processes inside an organizational environment is storing of digitized data, sharing it, and importantly processing or analyzing that data using specialized hardwares and softwares to get the desired results. Among the many existing and emerging technologies, cloud computing is being maximally implemented by many organizations in varied business sectors. When an organization utilizes cloud computing, it takes over majority of its IT processes â€Å"raining† benefits to it like how rainy clouds would normally ‘envelop’ a particular area. In the part one, we will provide background technical details about cloud computing and the processes behind it. In the second part, we will particularly focus on Amazon’s cloud computing service called EC2 and its effective feature s. In the third part, by comparing EC2 with other cloud services, will try to show how EC2 is a far superior service than others. Will conclude the report by summing up the points that will clearly show how EC2 is the best service for your company. Cloud computing refers to a IT based virtual infrastructure where business operations are carried out using third-party ‘virtual’ servers stationed in distant places through internet-dependant interface, instead of using in-house IT structure. So, it obvious that you need not required to build and maintain an internal IS based infrastructure. If you have a pre-existing structure, you can avoid expanding it. This is because normally cloud can store all kind of data and importantly host many softwares, which may be needed to run your processes. The data and softwares can be accessed using a web based application from any place without major physical limitations. â€Å"The storing and accessing of applications and computer data often through

Stock Control Using Visual Basic.net Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4500 words

Stock Control Using Visual Basic.net - Essay Example The main vision of this project; is to achieve a method of a simple stock count of a mini market (corner shop), as these shops are still mainly managed and run in a traditional way. These groceries are in large numbers due to high demand; they have the potential of optimizing the business as well as deliver goods to customers on a continual basis. Therefore the project proposed is intended to assist the clients with an easy way to acknowledge the owner of the goods available and goods which a due to run out, so that they can place an order at the right time, with this method the client is able to reduce holding time as well as optimising cash flow. The delivered program will be able to store data of goods, which will be strategically sequenced by product line code (PLU). It will also have the ability to indicate when the stock is running low. As well have an easy and friendly way to operate.Since it’s a proven fact indeed that Inventory and Stock Control has a big impact on th e efficiency of the business, intensive research is to be carried out, to determine the problems of stock control that retail business is facing. Then the data collected will be critically analyzed and computed along with key retail- experienced staff that has been in the business that will then determine the need of the program. Steps to be taken to create the program are to be strategically planned and laid out on a data flow diagram (DFB) and data process diagram (DPD) to illustrate the contents.

Informal paper - Proposal Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Informal paper - Proposal - Essay Example For doing simple tasks like opening a door in the form of authorized entry to accomplishing complex organizational processes, IT and its tools are playing an optimal role. One of the key IT based processes inside an organizational environment is storing of digitized data, sharing it, and importantly processing or analyzing that data using specialized hardwares and softwares to get the desired results. Among the many existing and emerging technologies, cloud computing is being maximally implemented by many organizations in varied business sectors. When an organization utilizes cloud computing, it takes over majority of its IT processes â€Å"raining† benefits to it like how rainy clouds would normally ‘envelop’ a particular area. In the part one, we will provide background technical details about cloud computing and the processes behind it. In the second part, we will particularly focus on Amazon’s cloud computing service called EC2 and its effective feature s. In the third part, by comparing EC2 with other cloud services, will try to show how EC2 is a far superior service than others. Will conclude the report by summing up the points that will clearly show how EC2 is the best service for your company. Cloud computing refers to a IT based virtual infrastructure where business operations are carried out using third-party ‘virtual’ servers stationed in distant places through internet-dependant interface, instead of using in-house IT structure. So, it obvious that you need not required to build and maintain an internal IS based infrastructure. If you have a pre-existing structure, you can avoid expanding it. This is because normally cloud can store all kind of data and importantly host many softwares, which may be needed to run your processes. The data and softwares can be accessed using a web based application from any place without major physical limitations. â€Å"The storing and accessing of applications and computer data often through

The Sinking of the Aragon Essay Example for Free

The Sinking of the Aragon Essay With the outbreak of world one war the royal mail moved its home port to Newport, South Wales. However the Brittish government was in dire need of battle ships to strengthen their naval force. Many ships were converted from simply postal delivery vessels into war ready troop carrying ships. One of these ships was the Aragon The Aragon built in harland and wolf in Belfast was 9588 tons and could carry 306 first class 66 second class and 632 third class passengers. It was launched on the 23rd of Febuary 1905. The following information was gathered from an unsigned letter written by an officer of the Aragon to a Mr.  John William Hannay the father of a VAD on board the Aragon on her way to serve in palestine and Egypt. For two weeks the Aragon laid at anchor in the shelter of the harbour at Marseilles. Every day they would await sailing orders. At last they recieved orders and the ship, set sail. It set of in company with another transporter ship called the Nile and also with an escort of destroyers. On board there was 160 nursing sisters, 150 military officers, 2200 troops and the ships own officers and crew. In total there was 2700 poeople on board the Aragon. One of these men was my great grand uncle Thomas Cassin who was an Irish man and inlisted as a British solider. Along with the thousands of people on board ready to serve there was also 2500 bags of Christmas destined for Egypt. From Marseilles they set sail to Malta in safety. However There was some fierce weather and the sea became quite heavy. Many became sick. Miss Hannay the VAD nurse being sick for just one day. They arrived at the windy bay in Malta on the 23rd of December where they remained for four days until the 27th. They spent their Christmass holidays here in safety. On the fourth day they set out to sail again still in the company of the NIle and a fresh escort of destroyers. There were three destroyers in number, two of which were Japanese and the other British. They arrived near their destination, Alexandria Egypt, on the 30th of December in the morning. The port was just becoming visible to the naked eye on the horizion. Everyone was very excited to reach shore and every vantage point on the boat was filled with eager passengers looking on ward at the port. Many had packed their luggage and were already attired for disembarkation. It was heard that many were congradulating themselves on a safe voyage. The Aragon with the British destroyer Attack was entering the channel that leads to the port. They were already past the first buoy which indicated entrance into the channel. At this point a wireless message was intercepted from trawlers in the channels that there were mines further on. The Attack, being the senior ship, imediately signalled to the Aragon to follow them as they turned seawards. The trawelers which were there to direct the ships through the channel were doing the same and retreating. The Aragon had to keep well away from the buoy that they had already passed by when entering the port. Unkown to both the Aragon and the Attack there was a German submarine lurking in the depths of the waters right beside the buoy. It was unable to fire before because of the close proximity of the ship, if they did they would have endangered their own submarine. However now that the Aragon was turning seawards, she presented a perfect target for the Germans who took full advantage. The officers of the Aragon on duty on the bridge saw the periscope of the submarine and at the next instant the wake of a torpedo which was heading straight for the ship. In a desperate effort for surrvival the passengers and crew tried to turn the ship to avoid the torpedo but this was to no avail as the ship was quite slow. The explosion was a dull crashing blast and the ship shuddered violently. An officer who was on duty at the time was covered in glass as all the windows on the boat shattered. In the next instant the ship became aware to the fact that they had all been dreading. Everyone on board was at their sations in record time, orders were obeyed with precision. The first order given was the rescue of every sister. They were lowered into the rescue boats before doing anything else. This only took a few minutes and was carried out without a hitch. The boats they got on were the best in the ship and in a position to afford greatest possible facility for getting off. The Aragon sent a call for assitance to the shore and recieved a reply within seconds. By the time the sisters ships had got clear, the ship had taken a heavy list to starboard and had sunk deep astern. It remained like this for a few minutes. The Destroyer took this time to run up along side and the remaing passengers were ordered to get off. They managed to do this by attaching ropes from the Aragon to the Destoryer Attack. On other parts of the ship troops were ordered to take water as the rafts were let loose. In just moments the sea was full of struggling men. Many of the officers and troops were trying to get the remaining life boats into the water but they had become jammed by the list. The crew could now feel her sinking fast. It had become impossible to stand upon the deck. It was about fifteen minutes after the inicial explosion. The commander gave the order every man for himself! . There was a rush to get over the side of the boat but nowhere was there any sign of panic. The discipline was astounding as the troops clung on to each other, singing and cheering until they reached the water level. Then they broke into struggling masses. Then it was heard shes going and the Aragon began to sink rapidly astern. The Destroyer was still at rescue work but only one rope remained. One officer was trying to cross when they finally cut the remaining rope. He was thrown into the water between the two ships. He sank like a stone because his full uniform restricted him to swim. However he still managed to get to the surface and make his way onto the Destroyer. The Attack was full of both injured and dying. The Aragon was sinking rapidly, one could hear a roar of rushing water and smashing of internal fittings. Dozens of men still clung to the decks and at the last moment jumping into the water rather than be sucked under along with the ship. Many of their efforts for survial were futile as with the height that the bow had been raised because the ship had turned whilst it was sinking, they died on impact with the water. With a great surge, a roar of rushing water and the explosion of the ships boilers the Aragon was no more and it went beneath the surface. There was now silence over the men. The place where the ship once was, was now replaced by struggling men clinging to upturned boats and wreckage. The Destroyer was now alive with activity. As they attempted to move ahead to the safety of the harbour with all their injured on board, one man shouted and screamed and next instant there was a terrible explosion. The Destroyer was hit by another torpedo. The middle of the Destroyer had been smashed sending men flying into the air. OIl, fumes, splinters of wood and steel were sent in every direction. She broke into two halves and began to sink immedietly. Both the bow and the stern rising into the air as the middle(wher the torpedo hit) sank rapidly. Everyone jumped for the water. It was chaos around the remains of the destroyer. The only hope left for survival was two trawlers which were near at hand. Except for the trawlers the only rescue boats were the rafts from the Aragon which were already on their way to shore. Only wreckage and struggling men remained in the water, everything else had disappeared. However the rafts did an ecellent job, bringing hundreads to the trawlers near by. Other trawlers became visable on the horizon as the rushed at full speed towars the wreckage. However as the port was 80 miles away it took them some time to arrive and many men perished in this time. The temperature of the water was very cold and this contributed to some of the deaths. It took the trawlers an hour to reach the men but without them few would have survived. The VAD sisters who were the first to leave the Aragon arrived on shore at arround 2:30pm. It wasnt untill 4:30pm when the trawlers with the wounded and survivours arrived. The people on the shore were ready for them when they arrived and the wounded were rushed to hospital. In conclusion the Aragon was torpedoed 8 miles from Alexandria Egypt at 11am on Sunday December 30th 1917 and sank in twenty minutes. The escort for the Aragon the British Destroyer The Attack was also torpedoed about 5 minutes later. It took between 5 to 7 minutes to sink. The other transport ship The Nile with two Japanese destroyer escorts left the Aragon at day break, the day of the attack. They also came under submarine attack but managed to reach their destination safely. My great uncle unfortunately perished that day. It was hard for an Irish man to join the Brittish army. I imagine he would have recieved a lot of criticism for doing so, but he did what he thought was right. He fought with the allies and aggainst evil and for that my family is very proud of him.

Nursing Care Centers For Older People

Nursing Care Centers For Older People The policy of health and social care is eloquent based on the care and demands of the older people. Older people as well as service providers are affected due to the continuing changes in health provision and pressures for cost containment. Many a time, older people have found themselves means-tested for services that have been provided free of cost. Arrangements from nursing care homes limit the money available all over the world, use of a formula that interprets low, medium and high need. A little contribution to the cost of care is paid. According to an international research, the principles of these kinds of agencies cover assessment, for example, the single assessment process (SAP) and the national service framework. However, the approach of any multi-national agency should expose, in both its structure and process, good and latest nursing practice. Now it is a well-known fact that nursing assessment for older people is important. An expert nursing care and care homes for older people plays an important role in the care and comfort of older people. Health and social care needs have been inter-related by the people who need continuing care. Nursing care in care homes has been long argued that distinctions between the two are unworkable. Thus, an interview was conducted which help older could people to communicate and balance their health needs with their chosen lifestyle. Clinical judgment is used by the Care Home staffs to take care of older people and enable them to , improve, maintain, recover and to cope up with their problems and to achieve a better quality of life. Older people make up a large and increasing percentage of the current population. As people grow older, with the rate of increasing their ages, they are increasingly at risk of so many health problems many injuries also. Falling down is the first indication of an undetected illness. Major preventions should be taken for these kinds of problems as they create considerable mortality, morbidity and suffering for older people and their families, and incur social costs due to hospital and nursing home admissions. Targeted strategies should be made which aim at behavioral change and risk modification for those living in the community appear to be most promising. Research methods Online research data from different web sites, different articles, and theoretical studies from different books. The methodology which had been used was collecting data from both primary and secondary sources. Primary sources were the personal interaction with the experts and secondary was the information collected from websites. Qualitative interviews were used to explore views on maintaining dignity of 18 residents of nursing homes. A qualitative descriptive approach was used. The analysis was both deductive (arising from the dignity model) and inductive (arising from participants views). LITERATURE REVIEW AND FINDINGS Today most of the older people living in nursing homes are losing their life there itself. Model based on empirical, is of dignity which has been developed and which forms the basis of a brief psychotherapy to help in promoting dignity and reduce distress at the end of life of older people. The main objective of this study is to explore the generalisability of the dignity model to help older people in nursing homes. As a result of this study, the main categories and features of the dignity model were broadly and intuitively supported on various issues like illness-related problems, social aspects of the illness experience and dignity protecting repertoire. However, some of the sub themes which were related to death were not supported and two new themes came out. Some of the residents found their symptoms and loss of their function were due to old age rather than illness. Although residents did not emerge to experience distress due to thoughts of impending death, rather they were dist ressed by the multiple losses they had experienced.   These finding helps in adding to our understanding of the concerns of older people in care homes on maintaining dignity and suggest that dignity therapy may boost up their sense of dignity. This is one of the major reasons of choosing this topic related to older people as in todays scenario, older people are loosing their existence. As per the findings we got to know that the majority of residents who are living in nursing homes die within 2 years from multiple kinds of medical pathologies. Generally they are heavily reliant on staff for their care, which can grind down their sense of dignity. Maintaining dignity are considered as the highest priority in health and social care strategy documents in most European countries and particular concerns have been raised about loss of dignity in care. Although there is a big deal about rhetoric around dignity, there is no agreed and prescribed definition of this. A brief review of the studies based on international researches exploring the co ncept of dignity from a nursing perspective have showed a wide range of definitions and understanding related to the construct; however, a most common and important theme was to respect a patient as a person. Two of the studies have explored the different views of people on dignity of older people in care homes. One of them found that not being a burden for others was important to residents, and their sense of dignity was threatened by illness and care needs, at the same time the other one described three main themes: The body which can not be recognized. Feebleness and dependence on others. Self inner strength and a sense of coherence. One of the approaches related to dignity-oriented care provision, which focuses directly and specifically on end of life, is Chochinovs dignity-conserving model. This model was developed from interviews which were conducted with patients with advanced cancer and other old age problems (average age was 75 years), focusing on the factors which supports and undermines their dignity. The particularly most important aspect of Chochinovs dignity model is that it has provided the framework for psychotherapy which helps in promoting a sense of dignity and reduces psychological and spiritual distress for older people who are reaching the end of their life.This study has shown promising results for people with advanced cancer and other diseases, along with their families. It is quite clear from different international researches that older people living in care homes are completely helpless vulnerable to having a fractured sense of dignity, which suggests that dignity therapy, may be of benefi t to them. Since the therapy is brief which usually takes only two sessions and can be delivered at the bedside by a trained health care professional, it may be feasible to offer this in a care home setting. However, the dignity model, and therefore dignity therapy, is based on the views of people who are residing in home care centers, most of whom were cared for in the community. It has been shown that less than 10% of residents of nursing homes die from diagnosed cancers and other old age distresses also. Whether or not the model is generalsable to people with no these kinds of problems or to those living in other settings such as care homes, is not known. The aim of this study is to explore and understand the generalisability of Chochinovs dignity model to older people cared for in nursing homes. In recent years there has been a considerable increase in the need for effective health care and them oral boosting for older patients. Our society is ageing day by day, and a large number of people are going into advanced old age.â‚ ¬Ã‚  Ã‚ Ã¢â‚¬ °dentification of treatable diseases before it stats its affect in older people, promises reduction in premature mortality and morbidity in old age. Most of the elderly and frail people are receiving long term care in the community and there are a number of home care centers for older people. There is a perception that some early intervention and rehabilitation services, currently which are being provided in hospitals and home care centers, might be provided in community settings. More effective health care centers are available for providing care managing chronic diseases, such as chronic lung disease, cerebrovascular and coronary heart disease, diabetes, depression, and degenerative conditions such as osteoporosis, dementia and Parkinsons disease. To be implemented for all who might benefit these interventions need to be organized into structured programs. To be the most effective home care center for older people, and to respond to the needs of individuals, care planning should take integrated account of all of the health care needs of individuals particularly when these include both physical and mental health problems as well as the protection of their dignity. Effective health promotion and proactive health care provided by the health care centers for older people are extending the active life-span of older people, reducing the number of people who suffer disability, vulnerability and dependence. The National Service Framework for Older People has been published to ensure the delivery of higher quality services to older people all over the world. The NSF requires the identification of service champions for older people within Each home care organization which are running for older people. Older people should have access to a new range of intermediate care services at home or in designated care settings to promote their independence by providing advanced services from the nursing care services and local authorities to prevent unnecessary hospital admission and effective rehabilitation services to enable early discharge from hospital and to prevent premature or unnecessary admission to long-term residential care. There should be a safe and effective care for older people in enhanced care settings in the community and nursing care centers which require co-ordinated and competent care by a skilled workforce of healthcare professionals, working efficiently together. There should be a proper assessment and rehabilitation in community settings nursing care centers for older people. At the same time there should be a rapid response for acutely ill older people and also a medical support should be provided by Hospital at Home schemes. Following services should be provided to older people: Respite services: Services like podiatry, occupational therapy, hairdressing, personal care, social support, shopping assistance, small group programs, carer support and domestic assistance for self funded retirees and younger people living with a disability and overnight community respite cottage. Service like Family Support Service for families who have children with disabilities arising from a combination of physical, intellectual and sensory impairment with or without complication health issues (0-16 years). Other Services like Domestic Assistance, Personal Care, Social Support and also Other Food Services, Assessment, Case Management, Home Maintenance, Goods/Equipment Provision and Transport and a centre-based day care, social support and other Services like transport should be provided. Nursing services: Should provide nursing care and other services like personal care, allied health care, respite care, social support, domestic assistance, assessment, case management, and personal care, domestic assistance, in home respite, social support, physiotherapy, occupational therapy, volunteers chaplaincy. Nursing care; they also provide centre-based day care, in-home respite care, allied health care, other food services, domestic assistance, social support, information and advocacy, counselling/support, language assistance. etc. Meals on wheels: This service used to deliver meals to the older people. Home care services: Should provide personal care night time mobile attendant care service for people with physical disabilities who require personal care assistance throughout the night. Domestic assistance for younger disability; Should also provide centre-based day care, respite care, podiatrist, hairdresser, transport, home maintenance, minor modification, Home Assist Secure, social support, extended programs, mental health program, younger disability programs, carer support, volunteer coordination. Other services: Should provide other services like, Centre based and in-home respite, podiatry, occupational therapy, hairdressing, personal care, social support, shopping assistance, small group programs, carer support and domestic assistance for self funded retirees and younger people living with a disability, overnight community respite cottage and Veterans Home Care. Community health centers: Should provide domestic assistance, social support, allied health care, nursing care, personal care, assessment, health promotion, indigenous health. Allied health care services: Services should be Centre based and in-home respite, hairdressing, social support, shopping assistance, small group programs and domestic assistance for self funded retirees and younger people living with a disability, personal care etc. Following measures should be taken by Nursing care homes for older people: In order to help the older people from poverty, isolation and neglect, following actions should be taken: Make older people enjoy a better life by providing life-enhancing services and vital support. Keep developing products that are specifically designed for older people and which are helpful in their day to day life. Provide advice and information through their help lines, publications and online at all times. Fund pioneering research into all aspects of getting older. Join forces that will ensure more of their funds go where theyre needed. In order to improve the current situation of the place, the agency needs a huge amount of money. So it should work on the following areas to raise funds for the development: Donations The agency should always look for donations and gifts which are always proved as the greatest source of income. Legacies The average value of new legacies has been increased over the years. British Journal of Social Work 2009 39(4); doi:10.1093/bjsw/bcp024 Events Events and sponsorship are the most valuable sources of income. Money is raised through an exciting variety of events including dances, local walks and runs, overseas treks and cycle challenges. Chris tingle All members of the agency should come together and help in raising over a million pounds to support their work with disadvantaged older people. Carol singing The members of agency should use their voice to raise money for the welfare of the older people. They can either sing door-to-door, out in their community or plan a special carol service. Membership and sponsorship schemes: Many voluntary organisations operate membership schemes. These often offer something to us in return access to historic buildings, nature reserves, galleries, or magazines and the chance to attend events. More and more organisations now offer the opportunity for supporters to sponsor a beneficiary or a project. These schemes bring us closer to the work we are supporting so we can get a real picture of what sort of difference our money is making. Schemes that seem identical on the surface can be very different in detail they are all valuable as far as the charity is concerned but may offer different experiences to us as a donor and we need to know what to expect. In oder to motivate the memebers of the nursing care homes, the managers should use the following ways: By rewarding the team members Always implimenting new ideas Flexible benefits By giving responsibilities and recognitions as well In order to get more and more amenities for the older people, the nursing homes and communities for older people along with the other members of the agencies should work on the following principles: Their vision should see a world in which older people flourish. Their mission should to improve the lives of older people. They should make a real difference to the lives of older people. They can do it by combining the unique strengths, skills and experience of the great charity organizations and sponsors. They should create one united organization that will be stronger and more influential than ever before. They should develop excellent and sustainable services that enhance older peoples lives. They should deliver transformational and sustainable change through their research, policy and influencing. They should always provide definitive products and services tailored specifically for older people but available to all. They should maximize their reach through their retail estate and quality training services. They should create a single, powerful compelling brand by 2010. They should try to become a world renowned organization, reaching out to enhance the lives of older people globally. They should create an effective partnership with their national and regional networks. Agencies for older people should implement the following strategies: There should be a strategy which the agencies should implement, strategy and action plan following consultation on a broad range of seniors issues including health, transport, workforce participation and housing. The main aim this strategy should be to ensure seniors feel safe, supported and have access to appropriate services. To achieve this, the agencies should be keen to explore ideas for working in partnership across government as well as with business and the community. The Government is developing a whole-of-government loom for the way they support seniors into the future. The strategy will definitely identify priority areas for action with an emphasis on making positive changes for seniors who are vulnerable, disadvantaged or socially isolated. Journal of Aging Social Policy, Volume 21, Issue 1 January 2009 The socially isolated older people should be provided the following amenities: Basically, the meaning of social isolation is a low level of interaction with others combined with the experience of loneliness. It is a serious issue for seniors because of the unfavorable impact it can have on health and wellbeing of the older people. Although the majority of older people are not socially isolated, the number of people at risk of social isolation is expected to increase with the ageing of the population. The older people living in nursing care homes are also socially isolated. The older people who are residing in these kinds of agencies are either retired, physically disabled and ill health or loss of a partner and loss of transport. It should always be given importance that older people have the opportunity to be socially connected and, if they wish, to participate in community life. There is a project called The Cross-Government Project which is working to reduce Social Isolation of Older People and was established in 2003 to identify and develop innovative responses to reduce the social isolation of seniors. The project has identified many key findings that can inform program design, service delivery and policy development. A number of reports from various stages of the project have been published. The project also developed best practice guidelines to assist service providers, government agencies and community groups in designing and implementing projects to reduce social isolation of seniors. The British journal of social work Following improvements should be made in nursing care homes for older people: In order to improve the condition of Nursing care homes and communities for older people, the following services should be provided: Rents of the agencies should be decreased. The place should always be kept clean and hygienic. To keep the place clean and hygienic there should be a well managed housekeeping department. As we know that the success any organization is totally dependent upon the employees of the organization. If the employees are getting their job satisfaction then only they give their 100% to the organization. So, If the emplyees of the agency are not satisfied with their salary, then they should be paid competitively. So the salaries should be competitive (In comparison to other organizations). Hence, agency should always do Salary survey, to settle this grievance of the Employees. Employees nature of the job should be challenging at each and every stage but not so difficult that it appears impossible. It should not be boring, hence, set challenging goals for the employees of the agency. Upward/Downward flow of communication should always be ensured. Management of the agency should be highly effective. All the employees of the agency should feel the sense of belongingness with the kind of work they do. Managers of the agency should always play the role of counselors and mentors in the Organization. At all times, the agency should identify the need of the Employees as well of the older people and should decide the motivation strategy. The way of reaching these agencies should always be kept convenient. If the social work agencies are facing difficulties in reaching the park, then the government should also provide transportation to them. The government can not afford to loose these social work agencies at the cost of bad transportation as these agencies play a vital role in uplifting the welfare of the older people. The first and the most key principle of good practice is to be aware of the presence of older people in an emergency and take active steps to locate and identify them. It is an essential step that relief interventions are developing to make consultation with the target community. To perform this activity, first it is necessary to locate, meet and assess the needs of older people through direct observation and discussion and can also be done by directly working with them to identify and address both their immediate needs and their vision for recovery. There should be some steps to achieve these goals. First that includes locating older people, checking their records in service facilities to find out if the expected numbers of older people have attended and, if not, investigate why they are not attending. There should be an outreach approach into assessments, which can include staff, volunteers and other older people to locate vulnerable older people in particular. Mutual support networks of older people can also be used to gather information on the whole community of older people and also the civic, religious and other community leaders can be enqui red because getting on track of older people is the foremost important task in order to make developments for them. Group meetings should be organized by using participatory rapid appraisal (PRA) techniques to allow older people to identify, prioritize and begin to address their problems and explore their capacities. It should be ensured that older people are represented on relevant decision-making and advisory bodies such as disaster preparedness committees, emergency co-ordination committees, nursing care homes and special issue groups. Older people all over the world have begun to control their own lives and influence decisions in their own communities. Basic training should be provided to older peoples representatives and other home care centers to help them to identify the most vulnerable members in a community. Several basic needs have been identified for older people. If there homes have been destroyed, they need building materials and labor to help rebuild shelters. To cook food, they need help for collecting fuel and other ways to share cooking arrangements with neighbors or other individuals. Clothing, fooding and shelter are among the basic items required for older people. Nursing care homes should also provide some work to older people; agencies should address the basic needs and should therefore take account of the some needful factors. Many older people are not automatically given shelter by their adult children and they need and find shelter for themselves. Nursing care homes are aiming at grouping older people together with people, whom they do not know (for example, to make up the numbers required to qualify for shelter or for allocation of supplies such as utensils, plastic sheeting and blankets) can lead to problems of exclusion and abuse as the larger group rejects or resents the presence of the older person. There are situations where basic shelter facilities provided by agencies working for older people leave older people sleeping on cold, hard, or damp surfaces may mean that chronic but manageable joint problems become acute and severely debilitating. But there are solutions to overcome theses problems. Nursing care homes are working on that. They are providing better services to older people. Nursing centers are providing proper fooding system to them. They have simple age-related clinics to deal with issues such as joint pain and other ailments associated with ageing are especially relevant where displaced people are sleeping in the open or on hard, cold or damp surfaces. These clinics are helping in reducing pressure on limited resources by treating groups of older people together, and also they are limit revolving door patterns of repeated patient visits to regular clinics. They make ensured that drugs are available to treat any kind of diseases suffering by older people. Several psychosocial programs are developing that involve and support older people in all conditions. In situations of displacement this may mean dealing with issues such as the fear of death and burial in a foreign place, as well misery for losses already sustained. These nursing care homes are also providing proper food that is digestible by older people for example: maize flour rather than whole grain maize etc.), and that takes account of digestive disorders and a common lack of teeth. They provide food which is familiar and culturally acceptable. They also provide Lobby for supplementary feeding systems to include severely malnourished older people. They also ensure that food for work programs do not exclude older people from food provision and older people have the resources (such as fuel, water and utensils) to cook their food rations if they are not taking from the nursing care home. If the older people are living alone or in pairs, it is important that the utensils available to them are manageable and enough for them. Older people should be linked with their families, only if the family as well the older people are ready to keep the relationship. These agencies are understanding and taking care of the particular risk factors and issues affecting the nutritional status older people. Generally, older people try to hide their sorrow and bad experiences, they stay calm and patient, they try to gather together in groups to support each other and try to share their problems. Older people always want to build, not to destroy. Journal of Aging Social Policy, Volume 21, Issue 1 January 2009 CONCLUSION Nursing care homes for older peole and agencies working for older people teke care of the their interestd and also some of them rely on fundraising income to achieve their aims. The fundraisers make sure the these kinds of organizations achieve maximum impact in their fundraising activities, drawing on the strength of organizations brand to encourage supporters to make whatever contribution they can to their work.The agency is working for the welfare of socially isolated and disadvantaged older people and making efforts to overcome all the obstacles coming in their way to provide the best facility to the older people.For the disadvantaged older people, Christmas was never the same without their familybut the places like Caravan Park of Queensland gave them somewhere to stay and arranged counseling for them à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦..things are better nowthey are looking forward to Christmas. Most of the elderly people are living alone. From the findings we came to know that there are 1.5 million people over 70 in the Netherlands, of whom a third are living alone. Usually older people in nursing care home have lost their partner. The largest majority of the older population still surviving and staying on their own. Half of the people over 70 still live with a partner. We can say that one in three lives alone. Only less than 10% live in an old age or nursing home. Many older people are only admitted to a home when they are very old other wise they go for nursing care homes and agencies which are working for older people. Only 3% of people in their seventies live in an old age or nursing home. Among people in their eighties the showed percentage is still higher, but the people living in homes are a minority (17%). It is only when people reach their nineties that half of them live in a home. More older people still have their partner It has been forecasted that in the next twenty years, these nursing homes are going to get older people as they are providing the best amenities to them in terms of food, shelter and cloth. The number of older people who are living on their own is expected to decrease. Some 47% of the people over seventy still have their partner and both of them residing in nursing care centers only. It is expected to become 53% in 2020. The average life expectancy will increase, especially among men. One of the causes for the increase in the number of elderly single people living on their own is that a smaller percentage will be admitted to old age and nursing homes. Between 1995 and 2000 the population over 70 increased by nearly 7%. Government policy of Dutch advocates that older people should go for such kinds of nursing home care centers and agencies working for them. The main aim of the policy is that people only get institutionalized when they can no longer live in their own environment and not with the help of organized home care. Statistics of Netherlands expects a increase in the percentage of older people admitted into care facilities. While the population over 70 will increase by 50% in the next 20 years, the number of people admitted to a home is expected to increase by 20%. Care in the home environment will be increasingly replaced institutionalized care. Moreover, there will be a big development in forms in between living totally on ones own and living in a home: for instance living semi-independently in an apartment complex geared to providing care on demand. REFERENCE AND BIBLIOGRAPHY Text referencing: News paper articles: Electronic sources: Websites Publications available from websites British Journal of Social Work 2009 39(4); doi:10.1093/bjsw/bcp024 The British journal of social work Journal of Aging Social Policy, Volume 21, Issue

Slavery and Human Decency :: American America History

Discrimination is very old in its origins. From the earliest periods of human existence, groups developed prejudices toward others and then discriminated against those whom they regarded as different or inferior. Many attempts were taken to maintain or increase power, prestige, or even wealth; groups found it easy to invent or accept the idea that others were somehow inferior to them and thus not deserving of equal treatment. Among the many differences that could be used as a basis for discrimination, people quickly discovered that physical appearance was the easiest to identify. It required no subtle analysis, no careful contemplation, but only a superficial glance at those visual features that would later be used to identify "race". The shape of one's nose, color of one's hair, or even the color of one's skin describes the universal nature of what we now call racial consciousness. Slavery is a perfect example. Racial animosity grew in both the North and South, and in many instances led to physical violence. The era of slavery should have been called the era of inhumanity. Slavery was inhumane, barbaric, and ultimately disgusting. In 1800 the population of the United States included 893,602 slaves, of which only 36,505 were in northern states (Phillips 18). Slaves were treated as if they were a piece of meat. The defined characteristics of slaves are as follows, " their labor or services are obtained through force; their physical beings are regarded as the property of another person, their master; they are entirely subject to their master's or owner's will" (Phillips 17). Slave life according to historians has never been and will never be classified as a so-called idyllic experience. There was little in the way of recreation and other forms of entertainment to pass the time. It must be remembered that, slaves had no time they could call their own. Rarely did slaves get any "free time" at all, but when they did it was spent recuperating from long sixteen-hour workdays. Most slaves were no t well taken care of. Many slaves went for days without eating, and in turn this caused their work pace to slow. According to Collier, plantation slaves worked sixteen-hour days in the summer, and were only given three pounds of bacon or pork and roughly twelve quarts of cornmeal a week (26). Many slave owners or overseers would peruse the plantations and lash out at any given slave particularly because they simply weren't working hard enough.

Citizenship in America :: Law Legal

Citizenship in the United States of America, the country whose streets are paved in gold, signifies every individual's dream. Food for empty stomachs, medicine for the sick, care for the elderly, shelter for the homeless, and warmth for the cold represent necessities guaranteed to every American. America is the envy of other nations because of the freedom it offers to its people. Furthermore, the American citizens aid other countries, like Afghanistan, so that their citizens too can experience the liberties Americans enjoy. Few Americans realize the extent of their privileges. It is unacceptable for any American citizen to complain and find faults in America instead of appreciating the rights they are afforded. The government has the capacity and the means to take care of every citizen ranging from prisoners to widows. Complaining about certain disparities is just not fair. Citizenship in America is important because no matter where you come from, you will be accepted. America is the only country where Europeans, Africans, Asians, Australians, and South/Central Americans can all share legal equality. America is a country filled with hundreds of heritages that form its unique and colorful background. Due to our founding fathers, America won?t ever experience communism or dictatorship. Our country?s government is cleverly set up so that the three branches control and limit each other?s power. Citizens of America will live a guaranteed life of liberty. America allows the citizens power to participate in its judicial administration, entitles one to vote, and to have a say in political affairs. Every individual plays a role in the nation?s future. America has so much to bestow upon its people, and a

Freedom Writers Essay Essay

What life holds for us is determined by how much we are willing to sacrifice. In the movie Freedom Writers, Ms. G is the main character. Her way of viewing life gives hope to the people surrounding her. In this essay, I am going to compare her willingness to sacrifice with the sacrifice I was once asked to make. Ms. G dedicated herself to teaching a difficult group of students. California had integrated the school system, which resulted in a culture of conflict and violence. She spent a lot of her time and gave up a lot of her family life in order to help people that she barely knew. Her desires to make a change were clear and honest. For example, she took evening and weekend jobs in order to buy books and take her students on trips. She also made herself available to help students with personal issues. She had a strong desire to help her students understand that they were worthwhile, and that whatever challenges they faced, they could make their lives better. As a result of these efforts, her students learned to trust her and became united with each other. They began to feel hope for their future. Even though Ms. G. experienced success and satisfaction in helping others, she faced opposition. Her marriage was jeopardized. Her husband could not understand why she spent so much time and energy with her students, and he often felt second in her life. He did try to cope with this lifestyle, but it was too much for him to deal with and he finally left the relationship. I also embarked on a similar adventure. In June 2002, I was called to serve as a missionary for The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints in Denver, Colorado. While on my mission, I taught the gospel to Spanish speaking people. Like Ms. G, I was dedicated to a good cause working with Hispanic people. I also immersed myself in helping those people to overcome personal and family challenges. I sacrificed two years of my life to serve people I had never met. I did it with all my heart. I knew that teaching people how to apply correct principles in their lives was the best way for them to achieve happiness. My goal was to help others to understand the true gospel of Jesus Christ. Teaching people the principles I knew to be true helped them to improve their lives and find joy as well. For example, I remember one person I taught; his name was Enrique. He was addicted to drugs and alcohol. When I found Enrique he told me that, from using drugs, he had lost his sense of taste and his body was no longer able to produce sweat. He also shared with me that his life had no purpose. He would go to work to get money to buy drugs, which created an endless cycle. I felt deep sorrow for him and wanted to do something to help him. I taught him about how to overcome his addictions to drugs and alcohol. Eventually, Enrique was able to overcome these addictions. I helped him to learn English and he began school at a University. Later, he told me how grateful he was for the new direction that his life was taking. Not only was my service similar to Ms. G’s, but my challenges were also. My family was upset about me going away for so long because while I was away, I would not be able to help them financially. They told me that if I went, I might as well forget about them. â€Å"It’s either a mission or us,† they said. I knew that I could not abandon my commitment to serve a mission. I pled with my family to understand my decision, but they reluctantly dismissed me. Once I was in the mission in Colorado, I tried to write to my family to let them know I was okay and that I was making a difference in the world by helping people to overcome many of the challenges that tear individuals and families apart. My family never answered my letters. I knew that what I was doing was right, but having my family reject me in those difficult years made me feel abandoned. Nonetheless, I was determined to continue working to help the people in Colorado. Certainly, my experience was a much shorter period of time than Ms. G’s and eventually my family embraced me again, while Ms. G’s husband never returned. Also, she taught the same group of people for four years, whereas I traveled around and met new people. Nevertheless, during the time I served my mission, I, like Ms. G, learned what it means to give everything for a good cause regardless of the adversity. As Ms. G and I both persevered in doing what we felt was right, we discovered great meaning in our lives and the work we were doing. In conclusion, our ability to fulfill our duty is not determined by our environment or surroundings. Ms. G and I have shown that if people’s hearts are in the right place, their rewards can be greater than what they lose. Our service, strength, and willingness can make a difference in the world regardless of who we are, or what we are standing for.